Bronchoscopy is indicated for the evaluation of the major airways in animals with suspected structural abnormalities; for visual assessment...

Clinical signs of acute renal failure symptoms (ARF) are often nonspecific and include lethargy, depression, anorexia, vomiting , diarrhea...

Cyclophosphamide in dogs Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Mead Johnson, Evansville, Ind) is a very effective immunosuppressive agent for induci...

Right-sided congestive heart failure promotes abnormal fluid accumulation within body cavities or, usually less noticeably, in the subcutis...

Signs and symptoms of syncope in dogs and cats . Cardiac output often becomes inadequate in animals with heart disease or heart failure , es...

Domestication of cats and dogs was probably influenced by the enticement of food. Formation of a mutually beneficial association between Egy...

The precordium in pets is palpated by placing the palm and fingers of each hand on the corresponding side of the animal’s chest wall over t...

The same general mechanisms that cause edema elsewhere in the body cause edema in the pulmonary parenchyma. Major mechanisms are decreased ...

Oral malodor (halitosis) is commonly reported in dogs and cats and is perceived by many owners to be a significant problem. Moreover, malo...

Canine Salmonellosis | Salmonellosis in Dogs There are numerous Salmonella serotypes that may cause disease. The bacteria may originate fr...