Colitis in dogs have many causes (e.g., bacteria, diet , parasites ). The underlying cause is seldom diagnosed because this problem tends t...

The strength and regularity of the peripheral arterial pressure waves and the pulse rate are assessed by palpation of the femoral or other p...

Angiography is used as a confirmatory test in cats with presumptive dirofilariasis but negative adult antigen blood test results and echoca...

Gingivitis in dogs and cats is a nonspecific term referring to inflammation of the gingivae (gums). Periodontal disease in dogs and cats i...

Several parasites can cause lung disease. Certain intestinal parasites, especially Toxocara canis , can cause transient pneumonia in young ...

The life cycle of the heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) is as follows: A mosquito ingests microfilariae (first-stage larvae L1) from an infe...

Primary bone neoplasms are relatively common in dogs. Most primary bone tumors in dogs are malignant in that they usually cause death as a r...

Symptoms of dog pneumonia A wide variety of bacteria can infect the lungs. Anaerobes may be present as part of a mixed infection , particu...

Enlargement of the liver | Hepatomegaly in dogs and cats Enlargement of the liver in dogs and cats may be the result of cardiac incompetenc...

In mammals, two regulatory systems are involved in the reproductive process. The endocrine system and the nervous system both play a specifi...