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Infertility in dogs | Canine Infertility Normal seminal quality, normal desire to breed ( libido ), and normal ability to mate are all ne...

Colitis in dogs have many causes (e.g., bacteria, diet , parasites ). The underlying cause is seldom diagnosed because this problem tends t...

Corticosteroids are the most widely used immunosuppressants in dogs and cats. Two drugs are frequently used: prednisone (or prednisolone),...

Urethral obstruction, either functional (e.g., reflex dyssynergia, urethral spasms) or anatomic (e.g., urolithiasis, granulomatous urethriti...

Canine Cardiac Tumors | Cardiac Tumors in Dogs Although the overall prevalence of cardiac tumors is low, the increased use of echocardiograp...

The same general mechanisms that cause edema elsewhere in the body cause edema in the pulmonary parenchyma. Major mechanisms are decreased ...

A sneeze is an explosing release of air from the lungs through the nasal cavity and mouth. It is a protective reflex to expel irritants from...

Angiography is used as a confirmatory test in cats with presumptive dirofilariasis but negative adult antigen blood test results and echoca...

A common cause of nutritional problems in dogs and cats is overfeeding or feeding inappropriate foods. Overfeeding can lead to rapid growth ...

Hypoallergenic dog food and elimination diets are indicated if a dietary allergy (i.e., an immune-mediated hypersensitivity to a dietary co...